Calculates production-based and consumption-based (embodied) biodiversity impact accounting using bilateral trade flows. Biodiversity values (BII-weighted area) are allocated to traded products based on cropland and pasture area shares, similar to how CO2 LUC emissions are allocated.
Usage
embodiedBiodiversity(
gdx,
file = NULL,
level = "reg",
type = "all",
indicator = "bv",
bilateral = FALSE
)Arguments
- gdx
GDX file
- file
a file name the output should be written to using write.magpie
- level
Level of regional aggregation; "reg" (regional), "glo" (global), "regglo" (regional and global) or any other aggregation level defined in superAggregate. Only used when bilateral=FALSE.
- type
Type of accounting: "production" (production-based), "consumption" (consumption-based), "trade" (export, import, and net-trade), "all" (all five), or "flows" (bilateral flows, requires bilateral=TRUE)
- indicator
Which biodiversity indicator to use: "bv" (biodiversity value, BII-weighted area in Mha), "bii_loss" (1-BII, representing biodiversity loss)
- bilateral
Logical; if TRUE, returns bilateral flows with dimensions (exporter.importer, year, product) instead of regional totals (default FALSE)
Value
Embodied biodiversity impact as MAgPIE object. When bilateral=FALSE: dimensions are (region, year, accounting.product). When bilateral=TRUE: dimensions are (exporter.importer, year, product).
Details
Biodiversity is measured via the Biodiversity Intactness Index (BII) which ranges from 0 to 1. BII is calculated at the land cover class level (crop_ann, crop_per, manpast, rangeland, etc.) and not directly per product. This function allocates the biodiversity impact from cropland to individual crop products based on their area shares.
The indicator "bv" returns the BII-weighted area (higher = more biodiversity preserved), allocated to each crop by its share of total cropland area.
The indicator "bii_loss" returns the biodiversity loss ((1-BII) * area) for aggregate cropland/pasture, then allocates to individual products by area share. This represents "share of biodiversity loss attributable to this crop based on its area share."